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同我们在前两课介绍的"Out"一样,“Up”也是在动词短语中最被高频使用的小品词之一,目测绝对可以排到前三。除了字面意思表示的空间内向上的动作外,当它与不同的动词进行组合时候,Up这个词能够衍生出非常丰富的含义,由于涉及up的动词短语较多,我计划分成两部分来讲,今天我们先看前20个。
1.Be up(to)
首先我们还是先来找我们的老朋友“Be”,单单是Be和up这个简单的组合在不同的语境下就已经有很多用法。
1.Someone be up,指某人已经起床,例句: I"ve been up for 40 straight hours without any sleep.
2.(Time)be up,指时间用尽,下面这句话也许很多人在考试时候都听到过:
Time is up, please stop writing!
3.当Be up后面接上to的时候,它指在做或者关注某事,例如英语里面最常用的一句问候寒暄语就是:
What have you been up to lately?
2.Add up
Add是增加,做加法的意思,add up则有好几重含义:
1.计算求和
例句:Can you add up these numbers? I"m worried I made an error in my calculations.
2.数字符合预期,引申含义为实时符合逻辑
例句:I listened to Jill"s explanation, but I"m still skeptical—something just doesn"t add up.
3.数字迅速增加
例句:If you don"t pay back your debt by the end of this month, the interest will soon add up."
3.Back up
经常使用电脑的极客宅男们应该对这个短语不陌生,它的意思是:备份,备胎
例句:It"s a good idea to always back up the photos on your phone.
此外Back和up合体后变成了一个名词(形容词)-backup,同样指备用(的)。例如你可以说,I have a backup phone in my bag in case this one is broken or stolen.
4.Break up
这是一个比较常见的短语,指情侣之间闹掰,分手。
例句:Jane and Jack broke up after traveling together for 10 days.
当把break和up用“-”连起来时候,它变成一个名词,同样指“分手”
5.Bring up
一个非常好用且常用的动词短语,可以用来替换动词“mention”
例句:She brought up her mother a few times during the interview.
6.Bulk up
这是一个在健身圈常见的短语,指增重增肌。
例句:Most of the wrestlers are bulking up for the weigh-in on Thursday.
7.Button up
Button是纽扣的意思,系上扣子这个动作我们可以说fasten the buttons,也可以用button up这个短语。
例句:Remember to button your jacket up before you go into the interview.
8.Buckle up
系好安全带,比起put on the seat belt, buckle up显然是一个更为简洁地道的说法。此外buckle up这个短语也有“做好准备迎接挑战的”抽象含义。
例句:Buckle up!We are about to enter the area with a lot of wild animals.
9.Call up
打电话给某人
例句:Please call me up when you are home.
10.Catch up
叙旧,特指朋友之间久违重逢后的嘘寒问暖。
例句:I haven"t seen you since we graduate, we gotta catch up.
11.Cheer up
给某人加油打气,使其精神振作起来。
例句:She looks sad, let"s do something to cheer her up.
12.Clean up
清理干净.
例句:Please go into the bathroom and clean yourself up.
13.Come up with
一个在口语中非常常用的短语,指在特定情形下想出(或制造出),多用于想法和点子。
例句:Who came up with the idea for this marketing campaign? It"s brilliant!
14.Dress up
Dress作为名词是裙子的意思,但是作为动词它指的是穿衣服,dress up这个短语有多重含义,这里我们着重介绍两个:
1.隆重地/正式地着装打扮
例句:You have to dress up for the dinner tonight, because the Mayor is going to be there.
2.角色扮演,后面通常接介词as,可联想cosplay。
例句: This year I plan to dress up as Superman for Halloween.
15.End up
以...为结局,通常后面接名词或名词从句
例句:You could end up in prison you were caught dealing drugs in China.
16.Fill up
将某个容器装满。特别在口语中常用于给汽车加油的场景。
例句:Let me know if you see a gas station, we have to fill up the car.
17.Follow up
一个在口语中非常常用的短语,通常指后续确认某事是否被完成。
例句:I should follow up on my package, to see if it has been delivered yet. follow-up
18.Fuck up
一个在英语口语中非常常用的粗口,指把事情搞砸,如果想文明一点,不用“F-word”,也可以说“screw up”或者“mess up”。
例句:I fucked up my knee in practice last night so I won"t be able to play on Saturday.
19.Gear up
Gear在英语中有“装备”的意思,gear up从字面意思上理解是准备好各种装备的意思,引申含义为做好准备,整装待发。
例句:The town is gearing up for the carnival this weekend.
20.Give up
这应该是大家比较熟悉的一个短语了,就不多解释了,它的意思是:放弃
例句:Don"t give up, you"ve almost reached finish line.
21.Grow up
Grow是生长的意思,那么向上生长自然就意味着长大,长成。当它的主语是人的时候,指成年。Grown-up指的就是成年人的意思, 等同于单词“Adult”。
例句:I want to become a great scientist like Albert Einstein when I grow up.
为了能让大家切实地掌握这些动词短语,我在Memrise上编辑上线了一套伴侣课程,你可以在伴侣课程里找到上文中所有的动词短语,以及短语的中英文注释和例句,借助Memrise的间隔回忆系统,你可以系统科学地把这些动词短语放入你的长期记忆,最终达到学以致用的目的。伴侣课程会随着系列文章的推送同步更新。
获取伴侣课程链接,请关注“智用英语”微信公众号,并在后台回复关键字“动词短语”。
下一课,我们会继续介绍20+个带有“up”的动词短语,敬请期待。
已发布课程目录:
智用英语高频动词短语(Phrasal Verb)第1课 - It"s time to check "Out" out.
智用英语高频动词短语(Phrasal Verb)第2课- We are not out of "out" yet
智用英语高频动词短语(Phrasal Verb)第3课 - Let me fill you in
智用英语高频动词短语(Phrasal Verb)第4课 - INTO
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